What is the action of nitrous acid on :
(a) Primary nitroalkane
(b) Secondary nitroalkane
(c) Tertiary nitroalkane

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(a) Primary nitroalkanes react with nitrous acid to form nitrolic acid which dissolves in sodium hydroxide giving red solution
$\begin{matrix} NOH NONa || || C H_{3} C H_{2} N O_{2} + O = N . O H \to C H_{3} - C - N H_{2} N a O H - -- \to C H_{3} - C - N O_{2} Nitrous acid Nitrolic acid Sod. nitrolate (red) \end{matrix}$
(b) Secondary nitroalkanes react with nitrous acid to give colourless crystalline pseudo nitroles which gives blue colour in solution
$\begin{matrix} H N = O | | R - C - N O_{2} + H O N = O \to R - C - N O_{2} + H_{2} O | | R R Pseudo nitrole (blue) \end{matrix}$
(c) Tertiary nitro alkanes do not react with nitrous acid because they do not contain any $α$ -hydrogen.

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Updated on:21/07/2023

Class 12 CHEMISTRY OCTOBER 2015

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